Can I Charge A Phone Battery Without The Phone. There are a number of possibilities here that you might be asking. You can usually find these cables cheap at most convenience.

Lightning and micro-B USB. Little wall devices for. Works just fine without turning on your cars ignition.
These are special cables designed to transfer power from one battery to another.
You can usually find these cables cheap at most convenience. Just plug your charger into any active AC outlet in your house then attach the charger to your phone. Ig yours works then it works but usually the phones power comes from the battery and the battery charges from the charger in that order. Keep in mind that most of these cables are very short so you wont get much freedom while the phone is charging.
